Filter Apparatus with Ejection Arrangement

ABSTRACT

A filter cartridge including catches for ejecting the filter cartridge from a filter housing as the filter cartridge and filter housing are removed from a filter base is provided. The catches are configured to engage corresponding catches of the filter base to limit axial motion of the filter cartridge as the filter cartridge and filter housing are threadedly removed from the filter base.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/360,181, filed Jan. 27, 2012, the entireteachings and disclosure of which are incorporated herein by referencethereto.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to filtration devices and moreparticularly to replaceable filter cartridges, and even moreparticularly to mechanisms and methods of removing a filter cartridgefrom a filter housing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Filtration systems are used for filtering fluids. For instance,filtration systems are used to filter impurities from fuel, hydraulicfluids, water, and other flowing liquids. One particular filterarrangement uses a filter base to which a filter element is attached.The filter base provides an inlet through which dirty fluid enters thefilter system and an outlet through which cleaned fluid exits the filtersystem. The filter element performs the function of removing theundesirable impurities from the fluid.

For some systems, such as engine fuel systems, hydraulic power systems,and lubrication systems, the filter element includes filter media thatis replaced at predetermined maintenance intervals or when otherwisespent. Therefore, it is desirable to provide easy methods forreplacement of the filter media.

In some embodiments, the filter element includes a reusable housing inwhich a disposable filter cartridge, which includes the filter media, ispositioned during operation. The housing may also be referred to as abowl. In many instances, the filter cartridge is sealed to the filterhousing which can make it difficult to remove the replaceable filtercartridge at service intervals. One problem associated with removal ofthe replaceable filter cartridge is that this can create a significantmess for the user if it is difficult to remove the filter cartridge fromthe outer housing.

The present invention relates to the current state of the art as itrelates to filter systems that utilize a reusable housing and areplaceable filter cartridge by making it easier to remove the filtercartridge from the filter housing.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention provide improved removal of afilter cartridge from a filter housing while removing a filter elementformed from the filter cartridge and the filter housing from a filterbase.

In a particular embodiment, a filter arrangement including a filterbase, a filter element and an auto-ejecting interface is provided. Thefilter element is selectively mountable to the filter base. The filterelement includes an outer housing including a sidewall defining an openend. The filter element also includes a filter cartridge axiallyreceived within the filter housing slidable between a released positionrelative to the housing where the filter cartridge can be removed fromthe housing using a first amount of axial force (in one embodimentgravity when the filter element is inverted) and an inserted positionrelative to the housing where a second amount of force, greater than thefirst amount of force, is required to axially transition the filterelement relative to the filter housing to the released position. Thefilter cartridge includes filter media for filtering fluid passingthrough the filter element. The auto-ejecting interface is providedbetween the filter element and the filter base and is configured totransition the filter cartridge to the released position from theinserted position as the filter element is transitioned from a mountedstate to an unmounted state relative to the filter base.

In one embodiment, the filter cartridge engages the housing in theinserted state with sufficient force preventing the filter cartridgefrom being transitioned from the inserted position to the releasedposition under the force of gravity when the filter element is removedfrom the filter base and inverted.

In one embodiment, the auto-ejecting interface includes a filter baseabutment shelf and a filter cartridge abutment catch. The filtercartridge abutment catch axially engages the filter base abutment shelfaxially limiting motion of the filter cartridge relative to the filterbase as the filter element is transitioned from the mounted state to theunmounted state, such that the filter cartridge transitions from theinserted state to the released state as the filter element istransitioned from the mounted state to the unmounted state along amounting axis.

In one embodiment, the filter base abutment shelf includes a firstabutment surface facing axially away from the filter media when thefilter element is attached to the filter base and the filter cartridgeabutment catch includes a second abutment surface axially facing thefilter media. The first abutment surface engages the second abutmentsurface when the filter cartridge abutment catch axially engages thefilter base abutment shelf.

In one embodiment, the filter base abutment shelf extends angularlyabout the mounting axis of the filter arrangement a greater amount thanthe filter cartridge abutment, the filter element transitions from themounted state to the unmounted state along the mounting axis.

In one embodiment, the filter cartridge abutment catch includes anaxially extending leg portion and a head portion extending radiallyoutward from the leg portion. The filter base abutment shelf includes aradially inward extending flange portion. The radially inward extendingflange portion and the radially outward extending catch portion axiallyengaging when the filter cartridge abutment catch axially engages thefilter base abutment shelf.

In one embodiment, the leg portion is configured to flex radially toadjust the radial position of the catch portion to permit the catchportion to pass axially past the radially inward extending flangeportion as the filter element moves axially along the mounting axis tothe mounted state from the unmounted state while the filter element ismounted to the filter base.

In one embodiment, the filter housing includes at least one housingthread that cooperates with at least one filter base thread of thefilter base for selectively mounting the filter element to the filterbase by rotating the housing about the mounting axis in a first angulardirection. The cooperation between the filter base thread and thehousing thread causing the filter element to be drawn axially towardsthe filter base along the mounting axis as the housing is rotated aboutthe mounting axis in the first angular direction.

In one embodiment, the filter cartridge translates a first distanceparallel to the mounting axis relative to the housing between thereleased position and the inserted position and wherein the filterhousing translates at least the first distance parallel to the mountingaxis relative to the filter base between the mounted state and theunmounted state.

In one embodiment, a removal notch is angularly adjacent an end of theradially inward extending flange portion. The removal notch isconfigured to allow the head portion to pass axially therethrough whenthe head portion is angularly aligned therewith to disengage the filtercartridge from the filter base. The removal notch allows for less or noradial deformation of the leg portion as the head portion passes axiallytherethrough as compared to passing axially past the inward extendingflange portion.

In one embodiment, the filter cartridge is slidable relative to thehousing at a sliding interface. The sliding interface includes aradially directed annular seal sliding on an annular surface. Theannular seal engaging the annular surface in the inserted position andthe annular seal substantially disengaged from the annular surface inthe released position.

In one embodiment, the filter base includes an annular skirt extendingangularly around and axially parallel to the mounting axis. The annularskirt receives the open end of the sidewall of the housing axiallytherein. The housing includes at least one housing thread thatcooperates with at least one filter base thread formed in the annularskirt of the filter base for selectively mounting the filter element tothe filter base by rotating the housing about the mounting axis in afirst angular direction. The cooperation between the filter base threadand the housing thread causing the filter element to be drawn axiallytowards the filter base along the mounting axis as the housing isrotated about the mounting axis in the first angular direction. Thefilter cartridge abutment catch being provided by the filter cartridge.

In one embodiment, the filter cartridge includes an end cap positionedproximate the open end of the housing in the inserted position. The endcap including the filter cartridge abutment catch.

In another embodiment, a filter cartridge is provided. The filtercartridge is configured for insertion into a housing of a filter elementthat is selectively mountable to a filter base. The housing has aradially inward directed sealing surface and a radially outward directedhousing thread. The filter base has an annular skirt defining at leastone base thread engageable with the housing thread. The filter base alsodefining a radially extending filter base abutment shelf. The filtercartridge includes filter media, a first end cap, an outer rim, and afilter cartridge abutment catch. The first end cap is attached to thefilter media. The outer rim engages the radially inward directed sealingsurface when installed. The filter cartridge abutment catch includes anaxially extending leg portion and a head portion extending radially fromthe leg portion. The radially extending head portion is configured toaxially engage the radially extending filter base abutment shelf toimpede motion of the filter cartridge relative to the filter base whenthe filter element is axially removed from the filter base.

In one embodiment, the leg portion is configured to flex radially toadjust the radial position of the head portion to permit the headportion to pass axially past the radially extending abutment shelf asthe filter element moves axially along a mounting axis as the filterelement is mounted to the filter base.

In one embodiment, the head portion extends radially outward.

In another embodiment, the filter cartridge abutment catch is part ofthe first end cap.

In another embodiment, a filter cartridge is provided. The filtercartridge includes a tubular ring of filter media; a first end cap; afilter cartridge abutment catch and a radially outward directed seal.The first end cap is attached to a first end of the filter media. Thefilter cartridge abutment catch includes an axially extending legportion and a head portion extending radially from the leg portion. Theradially extending head portion defines an abutment surface axiallyfacing towards the filter media. The radially outward directed firstseal is proximate a radially outer rim of the first end cap for sealingthe end cap to a filter housing.

In one embodiment, the filter cartridge abutment catch is part of thefirst end cap. The leg portion extends axially outward from a bodyportion of the first end cap and away from the filter media. The headportion extends radially over a portion of the body portion and formingan undercut region therebetween.

Other aspects, objectives and advantages of the invention will becomemore apparent from the following detailed description when taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of thespecification illustrate several aspects of the present invention and,together with the description, serve to explain the principles of theinvention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of a filter arrangementaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partially exploded cross-sectional illustration of thefilter arrangement of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective cross-sectional illustration of the filterarrangement of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a further partial exploded perspective illustration of thefilter arrangement of FIG. 1 taken at cross-section 4-4 of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 5-7 are simplified illustrations of the interaction between thecomponents of the self-ejecting mechanism of the filter arrangement ofFIG. 1;

FIGS. 8-10 are cross-sectional illustrations of the filter arrangementin the same orientation as in FIGS. 5-7;

FIGS. 11-13 illustrate in simplified form the torsion lock engagement ofthe filter arrangement of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 14-16 are similar to FIGS. 5-7 but during the removal process;

FIGS. 17-19 are similar to FIGS. 11-13 and illustrate the torsion lockarrangement in simplified form during the removal process;

FIGS. 20-22 are similar cross-sectional illustrations as FIGS. 8-10during the removal process;

FIG. 23 further illustrates removal of the filter cartridge from thefilter housing as the filter element is removed from the filter baseaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

While the invention will be described in connection with certainpreferred embodiments, there is no intent to limit it to thoseembodiments. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives,modifications and equivalents as included within the spirit and scope ofthe invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is a simplified cross-sectional illustration of a filterarrangement 100 according to a first embodiment of the presentinvention. Filter arrangement 100 is used for removing impurities from afluid. More particularly, the filter arrangement 100 can be used toremove particulate, as well as liquid (i.e. water), impurities from thefluid flowing therethrough. However, embodiments of the filterarrangement 100 need not filter both particulates and liquid from thefluid while remaining within the teachings of the present invention.

The filter arrangement 100 generally includes a filter base 102 and afilter element 104 that is removably attached to the filter base 102.

The filter base 102 generally includes a fluid inlet 106, a clean fluidoutlet 108, and a return port 110. The dirty fluid inlet 106 is operablyfluidly coupled to a source of dirty fluid such as a pump, engine,hydraulic system, fuel supply, etc. Fluid that is cleaned by the filterarrangement 100 exits through the clean fluid outlet 108 and is used bya downstream system. The return port 110 is operably coupled to anoutlet or storage where impurities that have been removed from the fluidcan be drained from the filter element 104. More particularly, in oneembodiment, the return port 110 is operably coupled to the fluid storagetank of the system. Impurities such as water that are removed from thefluid can be drained back to the storage tank through the return port110. Not all embodiments and implementations of the invention require areturn port 110.

The filter element 104 is selectively mountable to the filter base 102and is generally formed from a filter housing 114 (alternativelyreferred to as “bowl 114”) and a filter cartridge 116.

With additional reference to FIG. 3, the filter element 104 ispreferably threadedly attached to the filter base 102 with at least onecooperating thread arrangement between the filter base 102 and filterhousing 114 such that rotation of the filter element 104 about axis 162mounts the element 104 to the filter base 102 and rotation in theopposite direction removes the filter element 104 from the filter base102. In the illustrated embodiment, the filter housing 114 has a pair ofthreads 120 that cooperate with a corresponding set of threads of thefilter base 102 (see e.g. FIG. 3). The filter base 102 includes anannular skirt portion 124 that defines the threads 122 that cooperatewith corresponding ones of threads 120 of the filter element rotatablysecuring the filter element to the filter base 102.

With reference to FIG. 1, as the filter element 104 is rotated relativeto the filter base 102 about axis 162, the filter element 104 is axiallydrawn into an open end 126 of the annular skirt 124 along axis 162. Asthe filter element 104 is axially drawn into the annular skirt portion124, the filter element 104 will operably engage the filter base 102 todefine various flow passages through the filter arrangement 100. Moreparticularly, the filter element 104 will engage the filter base 102 todefine a dirty fluid flow, a clean fluid flow that is separated from thedirty fluid flow by filter media of the filter element 116 and aevacuation flow for evacuating the particulates through return port 110.

Further, the filter arrangement 100 includes a torsion lock arrangement130 that acts between the filter element 104 and filter base 102.Details of the torsion lock arrangement 130 are described in U.S. Pat.No. 8,057,669, filed Jun. 16, 2008, entitled “Filter Element and FilterAssembly Including Locking Mechanism,” to Beard et al., the teachingsand disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto.The torsion lock arrangement 130 is used to prevent loosening of thefilter element 104 relative to the filter base 102 by inhibitingrotation in an opposite direction about axis 162 as required to mountthe filter element 104 to the filter base 102.

With additional reference to FIG. 2, the filter element 104, as notedabove, is generally provided by the filter housing 114 and the filtercartridge 116. The filter housing 114 generally includes an annularsidewall 134 and a closed bottom 136. The closed bottom 136 may,however, include drain valves or other openings. Opposite the closedbottom 136 is an open end 138 that is generally provided by a distal endof the annular sidewall 134. The open end is sized for sliding receiptand removal of the filter cartridge 116 into and from the filter housing114. As noted above, the housing 114 provides threads 120 that are usedto secure the filter element 104 to the filter base 102. These threads120 extend radially outward from the outer surface of the annularsidewall 134.

In the illustrated embodiment, the filter housing 114 is generallyconfigured to be a reusable component of the filter arrangement 100.

The filter cartridge 116 is configured to be a replacement repaircomponent. As such, at standard maintenance intervals or when the filtercartridge 116 is otherwise spent, the filter cartridge 116 is removedfrom the filter housing 114 through open end 138 and discarded. A newfilter cartridge 116 is axially inserted into the filter housing 114through open end 138 and the filter element 104 is reattached to thefilter base 102.

In the illustrated embodiment, the filter cartridge 116 includes a firstend cap 142. Attached to the first end cap 142 is a cylindrical ring offilter media 144. At an opposed end of the cylindrical ring of filtermedia 144 is a second end cap 146 sealingly secured to the cylindricalring of filter media 144. The filter media 144 separates the dirty fluidinlet from the clean fluid outlet such that fluid flow through thesystem must pass through the filter media 144 without bypassing themedia 144 so that the impurities are removed therefrom as the fluidflows through the filter arrangement 100 from the dirty fluid inlet 106to the clean fluid outlet 108.

The filter element 104 includes a housing seal 146 that forms a radialseal between the first end cap 142 and the filter housing 114. Thehousing seal 146 forms part of an outer rim 148 of the filter cartridgethat radially engages the filter housing 114. The inner surface 150 ofthe filter housing 114 defines a radially inward directed sealingsurface 152 that cooperates with the radially outer rim 148 of thefilter cartridge 116, and particularly the housing seal 146.

The engagement between the housing seal 146 and the sealing surface 152can provide a significant frictional engagement between the filterhousing 114 and the filter cartridge 116. This frictional engagement canmake it difficult to remove the filter cartridge 116 from the filterhousing 114, at maintenance intervals. As such, when an operatorattempts to remove the filter cartridge 116 from the filter housing 114,it can take large amounts of axial force that can result in splashing orspilling of fluids within the filter element 104. Similarly, suchremoval in prior designs may require the user to manually grip or engagethe filter cartridge. This can expose the operator to the fluid withinthe filter element.

Typically, the engagement between the filter housing 114 and the filtercartridge 116 is such that the filter cartridge 116 cannot be removedfrom the filter housing 114 by merely tipping the filter element 104upside down such that the force of gravity would pull the filtercartridge 116 from the filter housing 114.

Therefore, the illustrated embodiment incorporates an auto-ejectinginterface between the filter element 104 and the filter base 102. Theauto-ejecting interface is configured to transition the filter cartridge116 to a released position relative to the filter housing 114, where thefilter cartridge 116 can be removed from the housing 114 using a firstamount of axial force (preferably gravity), from an inserted position,where a second greater amount of axial force is required to move thefilter cartridge 116 relative to housing 114, relative to the filterhousing 114. More particularly, the auto-ejecting interface transitionsthe filter cartridge 116 to the released position from the insertedposition as the filter element 104 is unmounted from the filter base 102(i.e. transitioned from a mounted state to an unmounted state relativeto the filter base 102).

As the filter element 104 is transitioned from the mounted state to theunmounted state, the auto-ejecting interface will transition the filtercartridge 116 from the inserted position to a released position where itcan be easily removed from the filter housing 114. Preferably, thereleased position of the filter cartridge 116 is such that the filtercartridge 116 can be removed from the filter housing 114 merely bytipping the filter housing 114 upside down and allowing gravity toremove the filter cartridge 116 from the filter housing 114. In theinserted position, the filter cartridge 116 will preferably not slideunder the force of gravity relative to the filter housing 114.

The auto-ejecting interface of the illustrated embodiment is provided bycooperating catch portions of the filter cartridge 116 and the filterbase. The catch portion of the filter base 102 is provided by a pair offilter base abutment shelves 158 that are part of the filter base 102.The catch portion of the filter element 104 is provided by the filtercartridge 116 and particularly by a pair of filter cartridge abutmentcatch portions 160. The filter cartridge abutment catch portions 160axially engage corresponding ones of the filter base abutment shelves158 and particularly abutment surfaces 190 thereof that face axiallyaway from the media of the cartridge 116 (see e.g. FIGS. 1, 2, 4, and21). This engagement limits the motion of the filter cartridge 116relative to the filter base 102 as the filter element 104 istransitioned from a mounted stated to the unmounted state. By limitingthe motion of the filter cartridge 116, the filter cartridge 116transitions from the inserted state to the released state as the filterelement 104 is transitioned from the mounted state to the unmountedstate along a mounting axis 162.

As the filter element 104 is rotated about the mounting axis 162 todisconnect the filter element 104 from the filter base 102, the filtercartridge abutment catch portions 160 will abut the filter base abutmentshelves 158 and stop the axial motion of the cartridge 116 along themounting axis 162. However, the continued rotation of the housing 114about the mounting axis 162 will continue to transition the filterhousing 114 away from the filter base in a direction generallyillustrated by arrow 164 (see FIG. 1). Because the motion of thecartridge 116 is limited in the axial direction along mounting axis 162,but the motion of filter housing 114 is not, the filter housing 114 willmove axially relative to the filter cartridge 116. This motion willcause the outer rim portion 148 of the filter cartridge 116 to slideaxially along sealing surface 152 and disengage the sealing surface 152of the housing 114 upon sufficient axial motion of the filter housing114 relative to the filter base 102 along axis 162.

In a preferred embodiment, the filter base 102 includes removal notches168 angularly adjacent to the ends of the filter base abutment shelves158 and angularly interposed therebetween (see FIGS. 4-7). The removalnotches 168 are configured to allow the filter cartridge abutmentcatches 160 to pass axially therethrough when aligned therewith todisengage the filter cartridge 116 from the filter base 102. Preferably,the filter cartridge abutment catches 160 are oriented relative to thethreads 120 of the filter housing 114 such that when the threads 120 ofthe filter housing 114 disengage from the threads 122 of the filter base102, the filter cartridge abutment catches 160 are aligned with acorresponding one of the removal notches 168 to permit axially removingthe filter element from the filter base. Alternatively, the threads 120of the filter housing 114 may disengage from the threads 122 of thefilter base 102 prior to the filter cartridge abutment catches 160angularly aligning with the removal notches 168. However, the user willthen be required to rotate the housing 114 until the filter cartridgeabutment catches 160 align with the removal notches 168.

In a preferred embodiment, with additional reference to FIG. 3, thefilter cartridge 116 includes an angular keying structure thatcooperates with a corresponding keying structure of the filter housing114 to proper angularly align the filter cartridge abutment catches 160relative to the threads 120 of the filter housing so as to cause thefilter cartridge abutment catches 160 to align with the removal notches168 as the filter element 104 is being removed from the filter base 102.The keying arrangement in the illustrated embodiment is provided by aradially extending tab 170 formed proximate the outer rim 148 of thefirst end cap 142. The radially extending tab 170 will axially insertinto radially formed slots 172 formed in the inner surface 150 of thefilter housing 114. This engagement will prevent angular movement of thefilter cartridge 116 relative to the filter housing 114. Therefore, asthe filter element 104 is being rotationally attached or detached fromthe filter base 102, the filter cartridge 116 will stay in asubstantially coordinated angular position relative to the filterhousing 114.

With reference to FIG. 4, the filter cartridge abutment catches 160generally include an axially extending leg portion 176 and a radiallyextending head portion 178. The head portion 178 extends radiallyoutward from a distal end of the leg portion 176 forming an undercutregion 180 between rim portion 148 and head portion 178. The leg portion176 is configured to flex radially inward toward axis 162 during theinstallation process of the filter element 104 to the filter base 102.

To promote radially inward directed flexure of the leg portion 176, thefilter cartridge abutment catches 160, and particularly the head portion178 thereof, includes a tapered end face 182 that faces generallyaxially away from the filter media 144. The tapered end face 182 alsotapers radially inward when moving axially away from the filter media144. This tapered end face 182 also forms or acts as a cam surface thatwill slide on the radially inner edge portions 184 of the filter baseabutment shelves 158 as the filter element 104 is mounted to the filterbase 102.

The undercut region 180 of the filter cartridge abutment catches 160 isformed between an abutment surface 186 of the head portion 178 and a topsurface 188 of the outer rim portion 148. The abutment surface 186generally axially faces the filter media 144. In the mounted state, theabutment surface 186 will axially face a corresponding abutment surface190 of the filter base abutment shelf 158. The abutment surface 190axially faces away from the filter media 144 or toward the filter base102 when the filter element 104 is attached to the filter base 102. Assuch, the abutment surfaces 186, 190 axially face one another when thefilter element 104 is mounted to the filter base 102. When the filterelement 104 is removed from the filter base 102, the abutment surfaces186, 190 will axially engage one another as the filter element 104 movesaxially away from the filter base along axis 162 in the dismountingdirection 164 to limit the axial movement of the filter cartridgerelative to the filter base 102.

While the current filter base abutment shelves 158 and filter cartridgeabutment catches 160 are configured such that the filter base abutmentshelves 158 are radially inward extending flanges and the filtercartridge abutment catches 160 include the radially outward headportions 178 these arrangements could be reversed such that the headportion 178 extends radially inward and the filter base abutment shelves158 extend radially outward.

With primary reference to FIGS. 4-10, the mounting process of the filterelement 104 to the filter base 102 will be described. The user willfirst install the filter cartridge 116 into the filter housing such thatthe filter cartridge 116 is in the inserted position with the housingseal 146 engaged with the sealing surface 152 and key 170 in slot 172.

The user will then begin to thread the housing 114 to the filter base102 (see FIGS. 5 and 8). At this point, it is preferred that the filtercartridge abutment catch 160 does not axially abut the filter baseabutment shelf 158 on the side opposite side 190. This allows theinitial engagement between the cooperating threads 120, 122 to be easilystarted without interference by the auto-ejections interface. Withreference to FIGS. 6 and 9, the filter element 104 has been rotatedangularly about the axis 162 and been drawn axially into the filter base102 such that the filter cartridge abutment catches 160 have abutted thefilter base abutment shelves 158. Further, the leg portion 176 haveflexed radially inward as the tapered end face slides along the radiallyinner edge portion 184. This flexure permits the filter cartridgeabutment catch 160 to pass axially past the filter base abutment shelf158 as the filter element 104 is mounted to the filter base 102 andtransitioned towards the mounted state. With reference to FIGS. 7 and 10after the filter cartridge 104 has moved a sufficient distance along themounting axis 162, the head portion 178 will pass the filter baseabutment shelf 158 such that the abutment surfaces 186, 190 axially faceone another as discussed above. The leg portions 176 will spring backsuch that the inner edge portion is positioned radially within undercutregion 180. In this state, the filter element 104 is in the mountedposition.

To remove the filter element 104 from the filter base 102, the user willrotate the filter element 104 in the opposite direction as for mountingthe filter element 104. As the filter element 104 rotates relative tothe filter base 102, the head portion 178, and particularly the abutmentsurface 186 of the head portion 178, of the filter cartridge abutmentcatches 160 will slide along the abutment surfaces 190 of the filterbase abutment shelf 158. As the filter element 104 is being rotated, thefilter housing 114 is being moved axially away from the filter basealong axis 162. However, the engagement between the abutment surfaces186, 190 prevents corresponding axial motion of the filter cartridge116. As such, the filter cartridge 116 moves axially relative to thefilter housing 114.

The filter element 104 will be rotated a sufficient angular distanceuntil the filter cartridge abutment catches 160 are located within theremoval notches 168. At that time, the threads 120, 122 will disengageand the filter element 104 can be removed from the filter base 102.Further, at that time, the filter cartridge 116 has been transitioned tothe released state. During the removal process, the filter cartridge 116translates a first distance parallel to axis 162 relative to the housing114 between the released position and the inserted position. The filterhousing 114 translates at least that first distance parallel to axis 162as the filter housing 114 is axially translated due to the interactionbetween threads 120, 122.

The user can then easily remove the filter cartridge 116 from the filterhousing 114, preferably by merely tipping the filter housing 114 upsidedown (e.g. inverting the filter housing 114).

Some other characteristics of the system will also be identified. Withreference to FIGS. 5-7, the angular dimension α of the abutment catches160 is less than the angular dimension β of the removal notches 168 aswell as the angular dimension θ of the filter base abutment shelves 158.

Further, the radial distance R1 of the radially outer most portion ofthe abutment catches 160 from axis 162 is greater than radial distanceR2 of the inner edge portion 184 of the abutment shelves 158.

In the illustrated embodiment, first end cap 142 includes a centralaxially extending hub 194 and carries seal 196. Seal 196 radially sealsagainst a sealing surface 198 provided by the filter base 102. Theabutment catches 160 are positioned radially between the radially outerrim 148 and the central hub 192.

In one embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a coil spring 197 isaxially interposed between the filter element 102 and the filter housing114. The coil spring 197, when compressed, axially biases the filterelement 102 in a direction extending from closed bottom 136 towards openend 138 of the filter housing 114. The coil spring 197 is used to reducethe amount of force the axial engagement necessary between abutmentcatches 160 and shelves 158 for overcoming the frictional forces betweenthe filter cartridge 116 and housing 114. The force provided by coilspring 197 is preferably not large enough to cause the filter cartridge116 to be ejected from the filter housing 114 when the filter element104 is removed from the filter base 102.

All references, including publications, patent applications, and patentscited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent asif each reference were individually and specifically indicated to beincorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the invention (especially in the context of thefollowing claims) is to be construed to cover both the singular and theplural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted bycontext. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing”are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, butnot limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of valuesherein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referringindividually to each separate value falling within the range, unlessotherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated intothe specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methodsdescribed herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwiseindicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The useof any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”)provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the inventionand does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unlessotherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construedas indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice ofthe invention.

Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, includingthe best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention.Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Theinventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations asappropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practicedotherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, thisinvention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subjectmatter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicablelaw. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

1-16. (canceled)
 17. A filter cartridge for insertion into a housing ofa filter element that is selectively mountable to a filter base, thehousing having a radially inward directed sealing surface and a radiallyoutward directed housing thread, the filter base has an annular skirtdefining at least one base thread engageable with the housing thread,the filter base also defining a radially extending filter base abutmentshelf, the filter cartridge comprising: filter media; a first end capattached to the filter media; an outer rim for engaging the radiallyinward directed sealing surface; a filter cartridge abutment catchincluding an axially extending leg portion and a head portion extendingradially from the leg portion, the radially extending head portionconfigured to axially engage the radially extending filter base abutmentshelf to impede motion of the filter cartridge relative to the filterbase when the filter element is axially removed from the filter base.18. The filter cartridge of claim 17, wherein the leg portion isconfigured to flex radially to adjust the radial position of the headportion to permit the head portion to pass axially past the radiallyextending abutment shelf as the filter element moves axially along amounting axis as the filter element is mounted to the filter base. 19.The filter cartridge of claim 18, wherein the head portion extendsradially outward.
 20. The filter cartridge of claim 17, wherein thefilter cartridge abutment catch is part of the first end cap.
 21. Afilter cartridge comprising: a tubular ring of filter media; a first endcap attached to a first end of the filter media; a filter cartridgeabutment catch including an axially extending leg portion and a headportion extending radially from the leg portion, the radially extendinghead portion defining an abutment surface axially facing towards thefilter media; and a radially outward directed first seal proximate aradially outer rim of the first end cap for sealing the end cap to afilter housing.
 22. The filter cartridge of claim 21, wherein the filtercartridge abutment catch is part of the first end cap, the leg portionextending axially outward from a body portion of the first end cap andaway from the filter media, the head portion extending radially over aportion of the body portion and forming an undercut region therebetween.23. The filter cartridge of claim 22, wherein the head portion has anaxially tapered end face that faces generally axially away from thefilter media.
 24. The filter cartridge of claim 23, wherein the axiallytapered end face also faces radially outward and away from a center ofthe filter cartridge.
 25. The filter cartridge of claim 23, wherein theaxially tapered end face also faces radially inward and toward a centerof the filter cartridge.
 26. (canceled)
 27. The filter cartridge ofclaim 21, further comprising a second seal carried by the first end capfor sealing with a filter base.
 28. The filter cartridge of claim 27,wherein the filter cartridge abutment catch is radially outward from thesecond seal.
 29. The filter cartridge of claim 21, wherein the first endcap has a central aperture in fluid communication with a central cavityof the tubular ring of filter media.
 30. The filter cartridge of claim29, wherein the filter cartridge abutment catch is radially outward fromthe central aperture.
 31. The filter cartridge of claim 21, wherein thetubular ring of filter media defines an inner surface that bounds acentral cavity, the filter cartridge abutment catch is positionedradially outward beyond the inner surface.
 32. The filter cartridge ofclaim 21, wherein the tubular ring of filter media defines an innersurface that bounds a central cavity, the filter cartridge abutmentcatch is positioned axially offset from the tubular ring of filter mediaand is external of the central cavity of the tubular ring of filtermedia.
 33. The filter cartridge of claim 21, wherein the first seal isaxially spaced from the filter media.
 34. The filter cartridge of claim17, further comprising a second seal carried by the end cap for sealingwith the filter base.
 35. The filter cartridge of claim 34, wherein thefilter cartridge abutment catch is radially outward from the secondseal.
 36. The filter cartridge of claim 17, wherein the filter media isa tubular ring of filter media that defines a central cavity and thefirst end cap has a central aperture in fluid communication with acentral cavity of the tubular ring of filter media.
 37. The filtercartridge of claim 36, wherein the filter cartridge abutment catch isradially outward from the central aperture.
 38. The filter cartridge ofclaim 17, wherein the filter media is a tubular ring of filter mediathat defines an inner surface that bounds a central cavity, the filtercartridge abutment catch is positioned radially outward beyond the innersurface.
 39. The filter cartridge of claim 17, wherein the filter mediais a tubular ring of filter media that defines an inner surface thatbounds a central cavity, the filter cartridge abutment catch ispositioned axially offset from the tubular ring of filter media and isexternal of the central cavity of the tubular ring of filter media. 40.The filter cartridge of claim 17, wherein the outer rim is axiallyspaced from the filter media.
 41. The filter cartridge of claim 34,wherein the filter cartridge abutment catch is radially positionedbetween the outer rim and the second seal.
 42. A filter cartridgecomprising: a tubular ring of filter media defining an internal cavity;a first end cap attached to a first end of the filter media and having acentral aperture in fluid communication with the internal cavity of thetubular ring of filter media; a filter cartridge abutment catchincluding an axially extending leg portion and a head portion extendingradially from the leg portion, the radially extending head portiondefining an abutment surface axially facing towards the filter media,the filter cartridge abutment catch being positioned radially outward ofthe central aperture, the filter cartridge abutment catch operablyattached to the first end cap; and an outer rim for engaging a filterhousing when inserted therein.